Against the backdrop of risks around the Strait of Hormuz and the broader instability of global supplies, Europe is still only partially prepared for a
The blockade of the Strait of Hormuz has shown that Europe’s energy vulnerability is directly linked to its defence capabilities. A prolonged disruption along such
Europe has only a limited margin of resilience in the event of a serious disruption in petroleum product supplies, while current policy does not always
Europe’s energy independence is impossible without the accelerated development of nuclear energy, as reliance on fossil fuels will not eliminate the EU’s external vulnerability. This
Europe has already reduced its dependence on some external suppliers, but this is still not enough to ensure long-term energy security. The next steps should
Europe must rethink its approach to energy security by linking it to defense needs, crisis resilience, and security of supply. According to German MP Tobias