The European Union has built a strong sanctions framework against Russia, but its effectiveness ultimately depends on real enforcement. The main problem today is that
Every serious violation of the sanctions regime should lead not only to the exposure of the scheme, but also to real consequences — coordinated investigation,
The main weakness of the EU’s sanctions regime against Russia lies not only in the small number of criminal cases and convictions, but in the
Established cases of sanctions circumvention must trigger a mandatory criminal procedural response; however, even more important is to prevent such supplies in advance by refusing
Cases involving sanctions circumvention in the EU often do not reach criminal prosecution because of the difficulty of proving intent, the lack of resources among
Europe must not only tighten sanctions against Russia, but also impose real penalties for sanctions circumvention, while at the same time reducing its own dependence
The UK considers it necessary to urgently increase domestic energy production in order to reduce dependence on supplies from Russia and the Middle East. Bob
Europe has already reduced its dependence on some external suppliers, but this is still not enough to ensure long-term energy security. The next steps should
Against the backdrop of the war in the Middle East, the threat of a closure of the Strait of Hormuz, and growing disagreements between the
Amid the escalation in the Middle East, Vladimir Putin is using the international crisis as a convenient background for continuing attacks on Ukraine, and Europe