Criminal liability for circumventing anti-Russian sanctions should be regarded as a natural part of sanctions policy; however, its practical application will require time due to
Against the backdrop of risks around the Strait of Hormuz and the broader instability of global supplies, Europe is still only partially prepared for a
The blockade of the Strait of Hormuz has shown that Europe’s energy vulnerability is directly linked to its defence capabilities. A prolonged disruption along such
Europe has only a limited margin of resilience in the event of a serious disruption in petroleum product supplies, while current policy does not always
Europe has already reduced its dependence on some external suppliers, but this is still not enough to ensure long-term energy security. The next steps should
Against the backdrop of threats surrounding the Strait of Hormuz and new risks to global energy supplies, Europe is becoming ever more acutely aware of
Against the backdrop of tensions around the Strait of Hormuz and new risks to global energy supplies, the European Union must treat energy not only
Europe’s energy independence is a direct condition for its defense capability, economic stability and citizens’ security. To strengthen these positions, European countries need to increase
Amid the escalation in the Middle East, Vladimir Putin is using the international crisis as a convenient background for continuing attacks on Ukraine, and Europe
Russia is not demonstrating any real readiness to end the war and is using negotiation rhetoric as cover: in the European Parliament, it is believed