Western European countries can increase domestic oil and gas production to a certain extent, which will increase their energy stability. At the same time, the
Europe should take a pragmatic approach to the issue of energy independence, combining the expansion of domestic oil and gas production with the accelerated electrification
Europe’s dependence on imported energy resources continues to be a key factor of vulnerability in the face of geopolitical instability. The crisis around the Strait
Europe’s energy independence should primarily mean reducing dependence on fossil fuel imports — from the Middle East, the United States and Russia, which should not