Although EU sanctions have already cost Russia significant losses, for the sanctions regime to become an effective mechanism of real punishment, the European Union needs
The effectiveness of EU sanctions against Russia and Belarus depends not only on the restrictive measures themselves, but also on their practical enforcement, including criminal
Sanctions evasion must be treated in the EU as a criminal offense, not as a secondary violation. EU member states need to fully implement the
Expanding the mandate of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office to include cases involving violations of sanctions against Russia and Belarus could become an important part
The EU sanctions regime will remain formalistic unless liability for its violation extends to the entire chain of involved actors. Punishment must be inevitable and